Title: Self-test Quiz: Section 4.3
Course: ICT Sustainability

Q: According to the 1996 IPCC guidelines,the combustion of fuel for energy; the extraction, production, flaring, processing and distribution of fossil fuels; industrial processes where a mineral, chemical, or metal product is formed using a chemical reaction that generates greenhouse gases as a by-product; and waste disposal—in landfill, as management of wastewater, or from waste incineration—all produce  __________ emissions.
A: Scope 1 / Scope One

Q: Match the sequence number to the GHG emissions calculation steps:
- Collect activity data relating to the greenhouse gas emissions sources within the boundary. | Step 1
- Calculate the greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the sources using one default emissions factors or direct measurement. | Step 2
- Apply the calculation to a specified period of time, such as 12 months. | Step 3
- Assess the uncertainty of greenhouse gas emissions estimates. | Step 4
Feedback: Do some research to determine how you can perform each step.

Q: The following are all examples of ways to reduce your carbon footprint:
- Reduce emissions by using solar energy.
- Avoid emissions by riding a bicycle instead of driving a car.
- Plant trees to remove carbon from the atmosphere and store it in the trees.
- Shut off all lights and electronics when not in use.
- Downsize your home and vehicle.
A: Reduce emissions by using solar energy.; Avoid emissions by riding a bicycle instead of driving a car.; Plant trees to remove carbon from the atmosphere and store it in the trees.; Shut off all lights and electronics when not in use.; Downsize your home and vehicle.
Feedback: Calculate your carbon footprint at http://www.carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx

Q: The term carbon neutral refers to
- having a net zero carbon footprint.
- achieving net zero carbon emissions by balancing a measured amount of carbon released with an equivalent amount sequestered or offset. (The best practice for organizations and individuals seeking carbon neutral status entails reducing and/or avoiding carbon emissions first so that only unavoidable emissions are offset.)
- achieving net zero carbon emissions by buying enough carbon credits to make up the difference.
- avoiding the use of all materials and processes that produce carbon dioxide. (This is hard to do, given that we are a carbon-based life form . . .)
- carbon dioxide only; the other greenhouse gasses such as methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons are not included. (There is carbon dioxide equivalence . . .)
A: having a net zero carbon footprint.; achieving net zero carbon emissions by balancing a measured amount of carbon released with an equivalent amount sequestered or offset.; achieving net zero carbon emissions by buying enough carbon credits to make up the difference.
Feedback: It is used in the context of carbon dioxide-release associated with transportation, energy production, and industrial processes.

Q: The life cycle analysis (LCA) used in calculating the carbon footprint of a product or service includes
- scope, system boundary, greenhouse gas emissions sources within the system boundary, greenhouse gas emissions factors and calculation methodology, inventory analysis, calculated greenhouse gas emissions attributable to each stage of the life cycle of the product or service.
- scope, system boundary, greenhouse gas emissions sources within the system boundary, greenhouse gas emissions factors and calculation methodology, inventory analysis, estimated greenhouse gas emissions attributable to each stage of the life cycle of the product or service.
- scope, system boundary, greenhouse gas emissions sources within the system boundary, technology factors and calculation methodology, inventory analysis, calculated greenhouse gas emissions attributable to each stage of the life cycle of the product or service.
- scope, system boundary, all activity within the system boundary, greenhouse gas emissions factors and calculation methodology, inventory analysis, calculated greenhouse gas emissions attributable to each stage of the life cycle of the product or service.
- scope, system boundary, greenhouse gas emissions sources within the system boundary, greenhouse gas emissions factors and calculation methodology, data analysis, calculated greenhouse gas emissions attributable to each stage of the life cycle of the product or service.
A: scope, system boundary, greenhouse gas emissions sources within the system boundary, greenhouse gas emissions factors and calculation methodology, inventory analysis, calculated greenhouse gas emissions attributable to each stage of the life cycle of the product or service.
Feedback: The point is to look closely at the LCA steps.

Q: GHG emissions sources: match the scope level to its description:
- The combustion of fuel for energy, extraction and processing of fossil fuels, and other activities resulting directly fromn activities at the facility. | Scope 1
- Activities that generate electricity, heating, cooling, or steam that is consumed by a facility but do not form part of the organization's facility. | Scope 2
- Indirect emissions caused by the organization such as from business travel. | Scope 3
Feedback: As defined as in the 1996 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Inventories .

Q: Match the carbon footprint calculation principle to its description:
- Ensure the greenhouse gas inventory of an organization, product, or service appropriately reflects the greenhouse gas emissions attributed to that organization, product, or service. | Relevance
- Account for and report all greenhouse gas emissions sources and activities within the defined boundary of the organization, product, or service. Disclose and justify any specific exclusions. | Completeness
- Use consistent methodologies to allow for meaningful comparisons of greenhouse gas emissions over time. Transparently document any changes to the data, boundary, methods, or any other relevant factors. | Consistency
- Address all relevant issues in a factual and coherent manner, based on a clear audit trail. Disclose any relevant assumptions and make appropriate references to the calculation methodologies and data sources used. | Transparency
- Ensure that the quantification of greenhouse gas emissions is systematically neither over nor under actual emissions, as far as can be judged, and that uncertainties are reduced as far as practicable—to enable users to make decisions with reasonable assurance as to the integrity of the reported information. | Accuracy

Q: Match the term to its definition:
- A general term that can reflect various types of evaluations intended to identify environmental compliance and management system implementation gaps, along with related corrective actions. | environmental audit
- A comprehensive review of an organization's adherence to regulatory guidelines (e.g., financial, environmental, health and safety). | compliance audit
- A eduction in emissions of carbon dioxide or greenhouse gases made in order to compensate for or to offset an emission made elsewhere. | carbon offset
- Refers to achieving net zero carbon emissions by balancing a measured amount of carbon released with an equivalent amount sequestered or offset, or buying enough carbon credits to make up the difference. | carbon neutral
- A technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from cradle to grave (i.e., from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling). | life cycle analysis
- Historically defined as "the total sets of greenhouse gas emissions caused by an organization, event, product or person. This has since been refined to account for the large amount of data required and the fact that carbon dioxide can be produced by natural occurrences. | carbon footprint
- In the context of carbon footprinting, defines the activities that an organization should include in its carbon footprint calculation. This includes all corporate group members and all facilities under the operational control of corporate group members. | boundary

Q: An ___________is an evaluation of a person, organization, system, process, project, or product.
A: audit
Feedback: These have traditionally assessed financial systems, but they can now be used for environmental performance as well.

Q: The ______________ provides guidance on the entire inventory development process.
A: GHG Protocol Corporate Standard / Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Standard / Greenhouse Gas Standard / Greenhouse Gas Protocol