Title: Self-test Quiz: Section 2.3
Course: ICT Sustainability

Q: For the SMART 2020 report, a  number of assumptions were made when analysing the direct footprint of the ICT sector because
- the ICT industry is dynamic, fast-growing, and subject to the emergence of disruptive technologies and paradigm shifts.
- it was difficult to predict the changes that are likely to take place within the industry over the period 2008–2020.
- Six months was not long enough to gather all the data about future ICT growth. (How long would have been enough?)
- Political turmoil in several of the regions discussed the case studies made complete access to data impossible.
- The cost curve presents an estimate of the maximum potential of all technical GHG abatement measures below €60 per tCO_2e if each lever were pursued aggressively, but it is not a forecast of what role different abatement measures and technologies will play.
A: the ICT industry is dynamic, fast-growing, and subject to the emergence of disruptive technologies and paradigm shifts.; it was difficult to predict the changes that are likely to take place within the industry over the period 2008–2020.
Feedback: Looking at this report today, how valid were most of the assumptions made in 2008?

Q: For the purposes of the SMART 2020 report, the parts of the ICT sector covered include
- PCs and peripherals
- laptops
- IT services,e.g., data centre servers, storage, and cooling
- Telecoms networks and devices
- Consumer electronics, e.g., TVs, video equipment, gaming consoles
A: PCs and peripherals; laptops; IT services,e.g., data centre servers, storage, and cooling; Telecoms networks and devices

Q: Based on Appendix 3 of the SMART2020 report, match the SMART logistics lever with an assumption made in its CO_2e calculations:
- 14% reduction in road transport. | Optimization of logistics network
- 100% of warehouses and 25% of retail are assumed to be used for storage. | Reduction in inventory
- 5% reduction in carbon intensity of road transport owing to avoidance of congestion | Optimization of truck route planning
- 12% reduction in carbon intensity owing to improved driving style. | Eco-driving
- 32% reduction in fuel consumption achievable for 80% of flights | Reduction in ground fuel consumption
- 2.5% reduction in rail transport owing to better scheduling and operations of trains. | Optimization of train operations
- 4% reduction in marine transport owing to improved utilization of ships. | Maximization of ship load factor
- 3% increase in fuel efficiency, e.g., by adjusting ballasts and optimizing speed. | Optimization of ship operations
- 0.2% reduction achievable through better tracking (e.g., RFID) and conditions monitoring (e.g., bio-sensors). | Reduction of damaged goods
Feedback: These are assumptions made in calculating the potential global enabling effects of SMART logistics by 2020.

Q: The word abatement in the context of greenhouse gas (GHG) production means
- the reduction, or lessening of GHG production. (It's similar in meaning to the word mitigation, which is also frequently used this context.)
- government refund of the cost of reducing GHG production. (That's rebate! lol)
- auditing GHG producers
- failure to reduce GHG
- a repository used to store GHG
A: the reduction, or lessening of GHG production.
Feedback: It's similar in meaning to the word mitigation, which is also frequently used this context.

Q: The direct impact methodology used to measure the projected ICT footprint as described in SMART 2020 included
- Embodied carbon (CO_2e in the manufacturing of ICT components was calculated from public and company data. Embodied energy in end-of-life treatment (disposal, landfill, and recycling) was included where data was available.)
- Energy consumption (Energy consumption of the components was estimated based on publicly available company data. An emissions factor was used to calculate the carbon emissions from energy consumption. The emissions from electricity generation vary depending on the technology used. The Climate Group divided the world into regions and used a different emissions factor for each region. Transmission losses in the electricity grid were similarly estimated.)
- Market growth and penetration of devices (Market growth and penetration of devices projected to 2020 was based on industry reports and internal analysis. Growth in use of ICT and general industrial growth is more significant in developing areas of the world than in developed nations.)
- Cost curve (Not used to measure direct impact.)
- Emisssions abatement (Not used to measure direct impact..)
A: Embodied carbon; Energy consumption; Market growth and penetration of devices

Q: Based on Appendix 3 of the SMART2020 report, match the dematerialization lever with an assumption made in its CO_2e calculations:
- Assumes seven billion DVDs and 10 billion CDs globally sold per year. | Online media
- 3% reduction in emissions from shopping transport, assumed to be 40% of non-work-related private transport, or 20% of all private transport. | E-commerce
- 30% of passenger air and rail travel is business travel. | Videoconferencing
- Assumes that work-related car travel in urban and non-urban areas decreases by 80%, while non-work-related car travel increases by 20%. | Telecommuting
Feedback: These are assumptions made in calculating the potential global enabling effects of dematerialization by 2020.

Q: Based on Appendix 3 of the SMART2020 report, match the SMART buildings lever with an assumption made in its CO_2e calculations:
- 40% reduction in retail buildings and 30% in others. | Improved building design for energy efficiency
- 25% reduction in retail and warehouse space. | Reduced building space through design
- 13% reduction in HVAC consumption (except warehouses). | HVAC automation
- 16% reduction in lighting. | Lighting automation
- 4% reduction in heating/cooling emissions in commercial buildings except warehouses. | Ventilation on demand
- 15% reduction in commercial building (except warehouses) heating/cooling emissions. | Intelligent commissioning
- 35% reduction in current commercial building (except warehouses) heating/cooling emissions. | Benchmarking and building recommissioning
- 10% reduction in heating/cooling and appliance consumption. | Voltage optimization
Feedback: These are assumptions made in calculating the potential global enabling effects of SMART buildings by 2020.

Q: ___________  is the concentration of CO
2 that would cause the same level of radiative forcing as a given type and concentration of greenhouse gas.
A: Eqivalent carbon dioxide (CO2e) / Eqivalent carbon dioxide / CO2e / CO2 Eqivalent / Carbon dioxide eqivalent